LINGUA-BRIDGE: A SILOZI TO ​ENGLISH TRANSLATION

LIKALULO ZA PULELO (PARTS ​OF SPEECH)

Introduction

Welcome to the Silozi-English Parts of Speech Guide

SILOZI

ENGLISH

Likepe le lisupeza likalulo za lipulelo kaufela ​mwa Silozi ni mwa sikuwa, mi lisupeza toloko ​ya lipulelo mani cwalo ni mitala yazona. ​Mulelo waluna kiku ezeza kuituta kwa puo Kuli ​kube bunolo niku tusa zibo yakuziba mishobo ​yemibeli kaku hatelela fa shutano ni kuswana ​kwa lipuo zeo zepelI

This site provides clear ​explanations and examples of parts ​of speech in both Silozi and ​English. Our aim is to make learning ​grammar easier and support ​bilingual literacy by highlighting ​key similarities and differences ​between the two languages

Mifuta ya Likalulo za Lipulelo

  1. Mabizo(Nouns)
  2. Maezi(Verbs)
  3. Makopanyi( Conjuctions)
  4. Matauli(Adjectives)
  5. Matalusi(Adverbs)
  6. Maemeli(Pronouns)
  7. Limakalo(Interjections)

Definitions

Litaluso

NOUNS

A noun is a naming word.

MABIZO

Ki manzwi ao nto ni nto izibahala kaona

Types of Nouns

Mifuta ya Mabizo

Proper Nouns

  • These are nouns given to people, places, months, ​days etc. for example: John, Rundu, May, Friday

Common Nouns

  • Common nous are names given to ordinary objects. ​eg the boy, an orange, a desk

Abstract Nouns

  • Refers to something that we cannot see, touch or ​measure. eg love, pride, courage

Collective Nouns

  • A name of a collection or a group of objects, people ​or creatures. eg a flight of stairs, an audience of ​spectators

Mabizotota

  • Mabizo ao ki a filwe kwalibaka kapa batu, ​mane nihaiba kwalifolofolo, miyaho ncc. ​kmt. Tou, Mubita

Mabizofeela

  • A ona ki mabizo afiwa kwasika ​sesimwasikwata salika zenwi. kmt. komu, ​mutu, buka

Mabizo asabonwi

  • Ki mabizo asina sibupeho. kmt. bunsu

Mabizo asikwata

  • Mabizo aitusiswa kwalikwata za mufuta ​ulimunwi. kmt. sikwata sabatu ki nyangela

VERBS

A verb is a doing or action verb

Transitive Verbs and Intransitive ​verbs

  • A transitive verb takes a direct object

e.g. I wrote a letter to the editor of the newspaper.

wrote is our verb, a letter is our direct object and to ​the editor of the newspaper is an indirect object


  • An intransitive verb is a verb that is not followed ​by a direct object.

e.g. I wrote to the editor of the newspaper


Maezi

Maezi ki manzwi asupeza kezo kapa sika seo ​siezahala kanako yeo.

Maezi abaamuheli ni Maezi ​asina baamauheli

  • Maezi abaamuheli kimaezi alula kulo kapa ​ana nifoalula kapa asupa sika.

kmt. Masiye unwa bucwala.

Mwapulelo yefahalimu, muezi wakezo ki Masiye, ​kezo yaeza ki kunwa, sesiamuhela kezo kibucwala.


  • Maezi asina baamuheli kkimaezi asina foalula ​kapa asasupi kulo kapa sika, mi akana ayema ​mwamoya kapa mwambyumbyulu.

kmt. Musalimuhulu wasita.

kezo yaluna mo kisita, liezi leo halina muamuheli ​walona, kono liyema feela mwamoya.


CONJUCTIONS

Conjunctions are connecting words that ​join two or more sentences into a single ​sentence. They also join words, phrases, ​and clauses.

Examples, and, although, until, etc..

  1. Fish and chips
  2. Tired but happy

3. He completed the course and received ​his certificate.

MAKOPANYI

Makopanyi ki manzwi asebeliswa halushangela ​litaba, kuli eza taba ilinwi. Kamita likopanyi liswanezi ​kusebeliswa folilukela hande, halueza cwalo, litaba ​lifa litaluso hande, haiba likopanyizwe kalikopanyi ​leliswanela hande

kmt. ni, haili, kapa, kambe, nihaike, kono, konji, mcwale

mutala mwapulelo: 1. Nizamaya katata. Wena usiale ​falibyana zaluna.

  • Nizamaya katata haili wena usiale falibyana zaluna.


Linzwi lelikopanyize litaba zeo ki haili, mi leo kilikopanyi.

PRONOUNS

MAYEMELI

Definition: Pronouns are words used in ​place of nouns to avoid repetition.

• Examples: he, she, it, they, we, you, I, him, ​her, them, who, someone.

• Explanation: Pronouns make sentences ​less repetitive and smoother. For instance, ​instead of saying, “John went to John’s car ​because John forgot John’s keys,” we can ​use pronouns: “John went to his car ​because he forgot his keys.”


  • Liyemeli ki linzwi lelisebeliswa kuama ​kumutu kapa sika kusina kubiza libizotota.
  • Kona kuli ki linzwi le li itusiswa mwa sibaka ​sa libizo. Mayemeli asebeliswa mwalinzila ​zeswana ni mabizo, kona kuli liyemeli likona ​kusebeza inge sieza kapa siezwa sataba.
  • Mayemeli, a, ataha mwa sibaka salibizo, kuli ​kusike kwaba kukutela libizo leliswana.
  • Mutala: Monde ufitile, kono uile kwa ​Mafuta.Ushimbile sikoci sahae sesinde.



ADJECTIVES

MATAULI/TULOKANDINA

Definition: Adjectives are words that describe or ​modify nouns or pronouns.

• Examples: big, blue, beautiful, fast, happy, ​three.

• Explanation: Adjectives provide more ​information about a noun or pronoun, adding ​detail and description. For example, in the ​sentence “The blue sky is beautiful,” “blue” and ​“beautiful” are adjectives that describe the sky.


  • Tulokandina sina halitalusa lonaliñi ki ​linzwi lelitalusa seseñwi kalibizo. ​Tulokandina ikona kukubonisa hape ​kuama ni:
  • Siyemo/sibupeho: Muuna yomukuswani.
  • Mayemo: Muuna yatalifile.
  • Mubala: Muuna yomunsu.
  • Mufuta: Muuna wamuleneñi.



ADVERBS

Definition: Adverbs modify verbs, ​adjectives, or other adverbs, often ​describing how, when, where, or to ​what extent something happens.

• Examples: quickly, very, yesterday, ​here, too.

• Explanation: Adverbs add more ​detail to actions or descriptions. For ​example, in “She runs quickly,” the ​adverb “quickly” tells us how she ​runs. In “It is very hot,” “very” ​emphasizes the adjective “hot.”


MATALUSI

  • Litalusi ki linzwi lelitalusa kabuñata kuama liezi, litalusi ​lalibizo kamba matalusi amaezi amañwi.
  • Matalusi akona kualulwa mwamifuta yetatama:

1. Matalusiamaezi a mukwa, aalaba puzo: Cwani?

Kmt: Mushimani uzamaya kakuiketa.

Puzo: Uzamaya cwani?

2. Matalusiamaezi a sibaka, aalaba puzo: Kai?

Kmt: Banana bafelezi kwalikolo, mwahae ki babahulu ​feela.

Puzo: Bafelezi kai banana? Babahulu basiyezi kai?

3. Matalusi amaezi a nako, aalaba puzo: Lili?

Kmt: Likomu zaluna liholohanga musihali wa manzibuana.

Puzo: Likomu zamina liholohanga lili?

4. Matalusi amaezi a palo, aalaba puzo: Hakai?

Kmt: Baliluko latutuo batahanga feela hañwi.

Puzo: Batahanga hakai?




INTERJECTIONS

Definition: Interjections are words or phrases ​that express sudden emotion or exclamation.

• Examples: Wow! Oops! Oh no! Hey! Hooray!

• Explanation: Interjections are usually ​standalone words or brief expressions that ​show a speaker’s feelings or reaction. They ​are often used to convey surprise, joy, pain, ​or frustration, such as “Wow!” in response to ​something amazing or “Oops!” after a mistake.

LIMAKALO

  • Limakalo ki manzwi aitusiswa kutahisa maikuto.
  • Likona kuyema linosi: Au! Ha! Awa!
  • Halulisebelisa mwalipulelo, liñolwa kakubeya ​liswayo lamako kamba felwani.
  • Manzwi alimakalo lukana lwaalula mwalikalulo

a. Limakalozatabo, lisebeliswa mutu hali mwamayemo ​akutaba

  • ·Yaa! Nifumani buka yaka.
  • ·Ehee! Bondate bafitile.

b. Limakalozabutuku kapa maswabi, libonisa kuli mutu ​uutwa butuku kapa kukenwa ki maswabi bakeñisa taba ​yautwile kamba kezo yeezahezi.

  • ·Kwee! Kushwa batu babande mwalifasi
  • ·Acuu! Muniutwisa butuku mwatoho.

c. Limakalozakukomoka, libonisa maikuto akutokwa ​kutwisiso hande yazeezahala kapa yazeutwilwe.

  • ·Batii! Mane kiniti yabulela mutu yo
  • ·Awa! Nimina mwalilumela zeo.


MAFELELEZO

Lwaitumela kuli mukonile kupotela likepe laluna, mi lwa sepa kuli likonile kumitusa ​mwa likalulo zene mutokwa kutalimela kuzona. Ze haki zona feela zemukona ​kufumana mwa Silozi kono mukona kufumana zeñwi famakepe amañwi.